A Study of Consumer Perception of “Ready to Eat” Products...

A Report on A Study Of Consumer Perception Of â€Å"Ready To Eat† Products Among Working Class Women In Erandwane Area In Pune City MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Introduction Ready to eat food items has already gained wide scope in western world and in recent years it gaining popularity in India. A busy lifestyle has made Indian women very hectic to cook and eat thus â€Å"ready to eat food† items are gaining wide interest. On account of this many firms are seeing this, a golden opportunity. Companies like Haldiram, Nestle, and ITC are already working in this area. In today’s scenario, first came canned foods, frozen foods, and ready to cook and now the era of ready to eat food .Considering the time value for the†¦show more content†¦1. Primary: Primary data is the first hand collection of data. In this study we have used Questionnaire as our instrument for primary data collection. 2. Secondary: Secondary data is the data which is already available and published somewhere. For this study we have used journals, Magazines, related websites. Type of research: Descriptive: Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. So we are using this method as there is no control over the variables; we can only report what has happened or what is happening. Sampling: It is the statistical method of representative data or observations in a group(lot, batch, population, etc.) * Technique : Simple Random Sampling * Sample Size : 50 * Total population : 50,000*(www.wikiprdia.org) Scope of research: 1. The study was based on primary data collected from sample consumers by survey method. 2. The research is done in Erandwane area. 3. The target is for working women in this area. 4. Research location is in Pune city. Limitations: 1. The sample may not totally represent the whole section of the population because of different backgrounds. 2. The reluctancy of the responses from the population. 3. Invalid information . 4. Being college student, weShow MoreRelatedBrand Audit Secondary Research Report4950 Words   |  20 PagesIndian market. As a part of the Brand Exploratory, to analyse and learn about the customer perception, we have carried out focus group discussion, depth interviews and an online survey. These interactions helped us to understand more about how consumers of various age groups view Maggi and the related products. The scope of this study is not limited to Maggi Noodles but for the Maggi line extension products as well. We have also presented the brand elements and images associated with Maggi. An analysisRead MoreMaggi Noodles Marketing Plan2715 Words   |  11 PagesPREFACE This is an assignment on the marketing plan of Maggi Noodles in India. This project focuses on the marketing plan of the product. 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Discrimination and Child Free Essays

How current and relevant legislation and policy affects work with children and young people. Children’s individual needs Quality of care Choice of service Management ; staffing Complaints ; protections Plan to support child, working in partnership with social worker and adhere to policies. Individual needs are met. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination and Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now To maximise the chance of positive outcomes for children. All of the policies and procedures by which I work are defined by The Children’s Act 1989 which legislates for England and Wales. All our Safeguarding measures, Health and Safety policies and Child protection procedures must follow the relevant egislations. As a children’s residential home we have to follow The National Minimum Standards too and it is these standards that we are inspected through Ofsted. SCMP3-1. 2 Describe the impact of social care standards and codes of practice on work with children and young people. SCMP3-1. 3 The importance of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Children have the right to; Own Privacy, Dignity and Confidentiality. To be looked after and kept safe from harm. To be able to play and not to be used for cheap labour. To be with their birth family or extended family, in absence of, those who would look fter and care for their needs best. Good health care. An adequate standard of living and enough food and water. Disabled children have the right to special care and training. SCMP3-2. 1 The responsibilities of a: Corporate parent. To work with professionals following guidelines set i. e. o put the needs of the child first, seek the same outcomes for the child as you would if the child was your own and safeguard and promote the welfare of the child. Professional carer. To train those who will be in contact with children i. e. foster carers, to ensure the child is best placed/matched with a carer that can attend to their needs, to rovide the child with all services required, ‘e healthcare, dental etc. To ensure child has the bes t start in life and engage in ‘Every Child Matters’ 5 outcomes. What is meant by a duty of care. To take reasonable precautions to safeguard a child in your care from harm or injury by making plans to minimize risk. Use ethics in making decisions with regards to other people’s differing cultural or religious beliefs. Allow the child to risk assess themselves and take reasonable risks as part of normal growing up. Protect a child’s right to dignity and independence. SCMP3-2. 3 The impact of professional relationships on children and young people. PROS Child receives holistic care, feels loved, wanted and safe. Children are never left unsupervised with non CRB checked adults. Risk assessment of equipment ensures safety of the child. Children’s past is kept confidential. Increased self esteem and confidence in child. Everyone works together put the child at the centre of focus, child therefore does not miss out on education and healthcare. CONS A looked after child cannot receive the same bodily contact i. e. no cuddles if child is ill in bed. Child cannot sleep with you when not feeling well or had nightmares. Child not to have bath with you or see you undressed. The child knows they are in care which has a negative impact, they feel neglected. SCMP3-2. 4 Examples of poor practice and unprofessional conduct that may impact on outcomes for children and young people. Not remaining confidential with children’s details/ previous life experiences. Not teaching the child independence. Not teaching child self-hygiene. Calling their parents or extended family names in front of them. Having nothing positive to say to SW or in meetings at school etc. Drinking heavily or taking drugs. Not turning up to parent’s evenings and arranged meetings for the child. Not giving the child choices or allowing them to make their own decisions. SCMP3-2. 5 The actions to take where poor practice and unprofessional conduct are having a negative impact on outcomes for children and young people. Note concerns and date details of poor practice before reporting to Manager (unless complaint against Manager, report to their Manager). Use team meetings to openly discuss and any concerns or issues Whistle blow to head of Social Services, Head Teacher at school etc. , dependent on who the complaint is about. SCMP3-3. 1 The professional responsibility to maintain current and competent practice. Follow legislations and policies making sure they are clear, precise and up to date. Keep all children’s records confidential and all life story work up to date. Update CPD and follow all training. Attend reviews i. e. LAC; PEP; IPP etc. Attend support groups. Ensure chil d nas regular denta other welfare issues. SCMP3-3. 2 I checks and is reterr ed toa specialist it required tor Engage with professional supervision in order to improve practice. See attached supervision SCMP3-3. 3 Seek, and learn from, feedback on own practice from colleagues and children and young people SCMP3-3. 4 The importance of understanding the limits of personal competence and when to seek advice. Everyone has a limit of personal competence; training courses when offered should be taken where possible to ensure that you are competent to do the job and updated in new legislations etc. If we do not understand our own limit, we may take on a task that we are not comfortable with and can cause further harm to the child we may be dealing with, i. e. looking after a child that has been diagnosed ADHD and permanently chastising incorrectly as you have no knowledge of the condition and how best to deal with the child. SCMP3-4. 1 Respect and value the professional competence and contribution of colleagues. I respect and value the professional competence and contribution of colleagues and Managers. All Residential Child Care workers have been trained to do the Job they do, putting the child’s interests first and providing support for Young people. Residential Child Care workers have a great knowledge of what children’s needs in care are and encourage/support carer’s to follow their lead in providing holistic care. SCMP3-4. 2 Rights and expectations as a professional and how to assert them. As a professional I have a right to challenge anything I am told or asked to do, if I do not agree with what is being asked or said with regards to the care of a child. I expect my feelings to be respected and my own knowledge to be taken in to account when decisions are made with regards to the welfare of a child. I expect full support from my Supervising Manager to help me carry out my Job as a Residential Child Care Worker, using both professionalism and empathy. SCMP3-5. 1 How current equalities legislation affects work with children, young people and families. Child’s individual needs are met and supported. Increased self-esteem and confidence. Additional needs are supported both physical and mental. Introduced to your family allows children to feel part of the family and loved. Examples of good practice in promoting equality and how they are effective. Equality and diversity should be a natural and embedded part of everyday work for those involved in health and social care work. With an increasingly diverse population it is vital that we should be continually looking at and developing our equality and diversity training. We should be able to recognise discrimination and identify risks of discrimination. Whether direct discrimination, indirect discrimination or harassment. Understand the potential consequences of discrimination and be able to identify and respond to the specific needs of diverse, children which arise from their personal, social or cultural background. We should be accountable for providing a service which demonstrates good equality and diversity practice to Support the empowerment of children so that they may be involved in their own care and health improvement. Good equality and diversity practice involves communicating with children in a way that is accessible to them making reasonable adjustments in the ay we do our work and deliver our services to take account of the particular needs. Understanding the role that cultural and religious beliefs play in children’s services Ensuring that everyone gets care which takes account of their individual needs treating everyone with dignity and respect at all times. SCMP3-6. 1 What is meant by diversity. The diversity is all about acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, recognizing our individual differences. These can be race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, eligious beliefs, political beliefs, etc. It is the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment. It is about understanding each other and moving beyond simple tolerance to embrace and celebrate the rich dimensions of diversity of each individual. SCMP3-6. What is meant by anti-discriminatory practice and examples of how it is applied in practice with children, young people and families. Ann-discriminatory practice is the main strategy in combating discrimination. It is action taken to prevent discrimination on the grounds of race, class, gender, disability etc. nd takes into account how we behave towards other individuals. All employees in a care setting should promote this practice in the workplace as it is key to combating prejudice, in doing so the y are trying to eradicate discrimination and promote equality for service users, staff and children. Examples; children have the right to choose their own clothes, activities, food and religious beliefs. Their religious festivals should be celebrated and children treated SCMP3-6. 3 witn respect. The effects of discrimination and explain the potential results for children and young eople Children should not have your views and opinions forced upon them, they should be allowed to make up their own minds and make their own choices in life. If children are discriminated this can lead to poor self-esteem, the child feeling different and not fitting in at school and in society. Don’t discriminate others in front of children or this is a habit they will pick up and use against others; bullying other children etc. Rarely the effect of discrimination on the child can be positive, producing a strong willed, confident adult who was able to stand up to bullies in society and fght for what they believed to be right. How to cite Discrimination and Child, Papers

International Current Development in Accounting Thoughts

Question: Discuss about the International Current Development in Accounting Thoughts. Answer: Introduction: Financial information is regarded as a tool and financial report should contain all information that should be used by all that is professional and nonprofessional as well. However, some of the relevant information should not be excluded from financial reporting because of its difficulty for someone to understand it. Neutrality and representational faithfulness is regarded as qualitative characteristics that should be contained in financial information as identified by conceptual framework (Barker McGeachin, 2015). Representational faithfulness exist when there is an agreement between a description and the phenomenon purports to represents. This can be explained with the help of an example, if we assume that inventory items in balance sheet of any company is viewed by external users to represents items intended for sale in business ordinary course. However, inventories consist of machinery for producing inventory; it results in lacking faithful representation. On the other hand, neutrality relates to parties who are potentially affected. Establishments of accounting standards are highly related to neutrality factor. Any financial information faces difficulty in balancing neutrality and representational faithfulness (Bauer et al., 2014). Financial information is regarded as representationally faithful if it is representing what it purports to represents. Any information cannot be regarded as completely neutral as measurement error is reported in informations because of many circumstances and events leading to errors. Estimates of good faith sometimes turn out to be too high and sometimes too be too low. Nonetheless, it is expected that such measurement errors can cancel out each other. Accounting discretion available to managers in reporting and making accounting estimates and leading to error of measurement (Beerbaum Piechocki, 2016). For example, it is required by managers to estimate the parameters of depreciation, accounts receivable collectability, liability for benefits of postretirements. In this regard, it is quite possible that estimates recognized by managers will be biased for enabling the company in appearing more profitable to external parties or less risky to stakeholders. This is done for their personal gain. It can happen that managers would understate the amount of receivables managers. It would be ultimately uncollectible. This would results in understating amount of bad debt and thereby overstating earnings. Concerning this scenario, it can be regarded financial information cannot be completely neutral (Choi et al., 2013). The standard setter requires financial information to be representationally faithful, reliable and neutral. Standard setting based on personal conceptual framework leads to different conclusions about identical issues. Rulemaking of the financial information concerning neutrality has come under increasing attack. It is argued by some people that standard setter should not issue pronouncements, which causes undesirable economic effects on company. Process of standard setting must be free from bias or else there would not be credential financial statements. Referring to qualitative characteristic such as Faithful representation would enhance decision usefulness of financial reporting information (Gordon Street, 2013). If an economic phenomenon is faithfully represented in any financial information, the economic substances of underlying transactions would be easily depicted and it might not be always same as legal form. There can be multiple ways to represent a single economic phenomen on. It can be explained with the help of an example. Risk estimate transferred in an insurance contract would be depicted quantitatively or qualitatively. Moreover, a depiction of single economic phenomenon would represents a multiple economic phenomenon. An item such as plant and equipment in financial statement might represents an aggregate figure of all of plant and equipment of any entity. Attaining faithful representation sometimes are necessary for explicitly disclosing uncertainty degree in reported financial information (Deegan, 2013). A financial information that has total freedom from error would imply faithful representation as most of financial reporting measures makes the estimation of several types of judgment of incorporate management. Neutral information makes the reporting of economic activity as faithfully as possible and it does not color the image it is communicating for influencing behavior in any particular direction (Hashim et al., 2015). Standard setter views that conceptual framework criterion in terms of accounting information qualitative characteristics is better than other bases of measurement. Allocation or methods of measurement are considered reliable if the measures presented results in representational faithfulness that is of lower degree. Faithful representation helps in depiction of any particular transaction that is considered reliable and verifiable. One of the new concept introduced in revised framework is verifiability and the financial information is considered verifiable as it enables independent observers and knowledgeable to reach a consensus of depicting any particular event as faithful transaction. It is regarded by standard setter that information must be representationally faithful within the conceptual framework, as it would provide the users with more relevant financial information (Harmon Ntseh, 2016). Historical cost requires all the financial statement to be based on original cost. Financial statements that are prepared under the historical cost accounting suffers from several limitations: Changes in price level are not considered- Under historical accounting, changes in money value resulting from changes in general level of price are not accounted for. This results in failure of organization to give a fair and true of its state of affairs. The main criticism of this approach is its resultant flaws during inflation. Historical accounting test validity relies on assumption that currency remains stable. This traditional accounting principle records the assets at historical price and such figures are used throughout life of assets. Approach is regarded as faithful representation. Provision for depreciation is not sufficient- under this method, depreciation is not charged at the price at which the assets are acquired, and rather it is charged based on historical cost of fixed assets. For the replacement of assets, provision made by way of depreciation charged on fixed assets are not sufficient (Mller, 2014). Historical cost accounting is based on certain and fixed inputs and the uncertainty of the initial value decision is eliminated, there arises uncertainty about the true asset value in the future period. This measure of accounting is backward looking and it does not reflect fluctuation in the market or transient volatility not does it considers appreciation over time. This is so because it does not adjust book value of assets. Valuation done using historical cost accounting sometimes become misleading. This happens when asset impairment reflecting non-temporary credit problems has been inaccurate and when assumptions are violated. The conventional method of accounting does not make any provision for changes in purchasing power (Warren, 2016). Historical cost accounting are regarded as most popular method of accounting measurement because of its very nature. This approach has the advantage of being less responsive to liquidity shocks; it is not exposed to volatility. It is les dependent on assumptions and is less vulnerable to speculative run up in price of assets. It is because of all these reasons, some of particularly useful information in pricing of asset of going concern are provided using this approach. This approach is considered suitable for purpose of making economic decisions. Election and evaluation of decision rules are affected using historical cost (Whittington, 2014). Many different context involves the application of historical cost such as cost plus contracts and taxable income. This method provides a satisfaction notion in the process of decision-making. Since the past price and requires forecasting of future price, this particular method serve basis of such forecasting. Objectivity is one of the main advantage of historical cost accounting and there is no room for manipulation. Any other method of recording accounting transactions would be less objective because the amount to be recorded depends upon individual point of view and it varies from different people. When compared to other method of recording transactions, this method is regarded as cheaper and easier way of evaluation. This is so because, the original cost cannot be amended, it already exist, and it can be easily determined and verified. Therefore, using this approach would requires less estimation in recording data by accountants and becomes easier for auditors for making inspection subsequently (). This method is regarded beyond dispute and is verifiable. As examined by framework of International accounting standards board, one of the key characteristics of financial reporting is reliability. As compared to other method of accounting such as fair value, historical cost is more reliably determined. This approach gives the assurance that users would not be provided with excess benefits. Assets are subjected to revaluation and this method is compromised by need to restate carrying value of assets in an economy of changing price level. For the purpose of control, historical cost is considered useful- Accounting objective is seen as the evolving concerning stewardship function of management in conventional accounting. In this context, income is regarded as the main function and managers are required to give accounts to equity holders. For the accountability purpose, past transactions records are considered essential. Historical cost accounting survives test of time- This approach is capable of surviving test of time. It is believed by most accountants that accounting constitutes a determinant of price, is useful and is regarded as thought pattern of decision makers. It is stated by (Nicoleta Victor, 2014) that status of accounting today is because of businesspersons and not because of accountants desire. Convention of historical cost is with the goal of Board and accounting purpose charged primarily with reporting past financial transactions of business and accurate recording. Primary purpose of accounting deals with only recoding the past facts and stakeholders for evaluation purpose use financial reports of an organization (Rosa, 2014). Base measurement should be done using historical cost, as current valuation of manufacturing plant of company seems to be more relevant at original costs. It provides useful cash flow information and valuation is result of exchange between two independent parties. Such agreement on exchange value is highly verifiable and objective. Measurement of financial information concerns with selection of measurement for liabilities and assets presented on financial position statement. One of the best way for maximizing information for credit and investment decisions is to select measurements for liabilities and assets that faithfully represents wealth of reporting entity. Considering the information that would result in statements selecting particular basis of measurement is done to maximize information for credit and investment decisions (Rivera et al., 2014). It is believed by the international accounting standard board that investors, other lenders and creditors forms the basis of relevance of particular measurement and the likelihood of assessing how a liability or assets would contribute to future cash flow of reporting entity. The way financial statement users assess the prospects for future net cash flow of reporting entity is affected by the way liabilities and assets would contribute to future cash flow. Such depiction may not provide information useful for assessing future cash flow concepts. Measurement basis selected by IASB comes with number of tentative decisions (Pacter, 2017). For the assessment of decision usefulness of measurement concepts, respondents makes a differentiation between different groups of liabilities and assets. For non-operating and liquid assets, users regards market based fair value as the most important measurement concept of decision usefulness. Professional investors do not regard fair value investment as a measurement concept having a homogenous impact on decision usefulness (Nicoleta Victor, 2014). IASB needs to consider the information that will be produce in statement of financial statement while selecting measurement basis. A free choice between two accounting practices is provided by IRFS for non-financial assets. Selection of choice between two accounting policies is analyzed from the perspective of economic cost benefit. When considering the benefit side, fair value is preferred to historical cost accounting. An asset under historical cost accounting is measured at the cost of acquiring it and this provides a reliable basis of measurement. However, there is an obvious disadvantage of this method (Nobes, 2015). If the objective of measuring the assets is to reflect the economic benefit, there is a decline in relevance of historical cost and if there is a change in price subsequent to assets acquisition. It is possible in some cases that the transaction is not taking place at market price and the current economic benefit conferred by asset might not be reflected. Measuremen t arising from acquisition transactions is not amended by historical costs. As opportunity and piece change and time passes, historical costs losses its relevance. Identical assets having different amounts and of same entity is measured by historical costs. As a result of this, the measurement of economic benefits of assets are not conferred on a comparable or timely basis using this method. Nonetheless, for fair value, there are several plausible alternatives. The relevant costs and benefits of those alternatives is necessary for making criteria between them. Current value in each regard rather than measuring the historical attribute of assets measures the current value and gain or losses in current value are unrealized and on other hand, the measurement arising from transactions of acquisition of measurement is not amended by historical costs. Economic substance seems to be better captured in fair value and historical cost seemed to be an inappropriate measure. However, the critics of fair value believes that it involves more subjectivity and estimation than some alternative measures (Harmon Ntseh, 2016). Under regime of fair value, the assets are recorded at the current transaction price. In literature, IASB has deeply embedded the use of fair value and there is a growing call to use this method in the financial reporting. Conceptual framework is demonstrable for fair value and it will be underpinned in revised framework. As the time passes, auditors, users would be comfortable using the fair value. The two methods of accounting policies are at the end of the accounting spectrum and historical cost accounting requires regular and partial updating. On the other hand, there is a requirement of updating of all variables in fair value. Historical cost accounting also comes with subjectivity and it becomes more pronounced when an asset are deemed to be impaired and an estimation in value is required to be made. Estimation is based on the future cash flow estimates of management. Due to steep cliff effects, there can be interruption in historical cost stability. For a very long time, the creeping effect of balance sheet may become unseen, as the updates of measurement are comprehensive and less frequent. In this regard, there is a serious convulsion of stability of historical costs. For maintaining relevance of historical; cost, it needs a degree of current measurement and historical costs to some extent is based on fair value. Historical cost accounting comes with several shortcoming s and despite of this, IASB has not opted for using fair value in particular or current value in general as a default basis of measurement (Hoffman, 2016). Nevertheless, it is regarded that for many economic activities using fair value of measurement would not generate relevant information. Reason is that the current market price of assets would not be of primary importance if it were used in combination with other assets for producing any services or goods. It can be concluded that IASB was not wise in expressing general preference for fair value on one hand and historical cost for current measurement on other. Reference: Barker, R., McGeachin, A. (2015). Is the IASB consistent on conservatism? An evaluation of the concept and practice of conservatism in IFRS.Abacus. Bauer, A. M., O'Brien, P. C., Saeed, U. (2014). Reliability makes accounting relevant: a comment on the IASB Conceptual Framework project.Accounting in Europe,11(2), 211-217. Beerbaum, D., Piechocki, M. (2016). IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 Disclosure RequirementsAn Analysis of the IASB Taxonomy. Chatfield, M., Vangermeersch, R. (2014).The history of accounting (RLE accounting): an international encylopedia. Routledge. Choi, Y. S., Peasnell, K., Toniato, J. (2013). Has the IASB been successful in making accounting earnings more useful for prediction and valuation? UK evidence.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,40(7-8), 741-768. Deegan, C. (2013).Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Gordon, E. A., Street, D. L. (2013). Building IASB Research Capacity: A Commentary.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,24(2), 176-201. Harmon, F., Ntseh, D. (2016). The New FASB IASB Revenue Recognition Standards; Implementation and Effects. Hashim, N., O'Hanlon, J., Li, W. (2015). Expected-loss-based accounting for the impairment of financial instruments:: the FASB and IASB IFRS 9 Approaches. Hoffman, C. W. (2016). Revising the Conceptual Framework of the International Standards: IASB Proposals Met with Support and Skepticism.World Journal of Business and Management,2(1), 1. Mller, J. (2014). An accounting revolution? The financialisation of standard setting.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(7), 539-557. Mller, J. (2014). An accounting revolution? The financialisation of standard setting.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(7), 539-557. Nicoleta, G. C., Victor, M. (2014). Comparative Study Regarding Financial Communication by Means of Annual Financial StatementsIASB/FASB.Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series,14(1), 617-621. Nobes, C. (2015). IFRS ten years on: Has the IASB imposed extensive use of fair value.Does the use of fair value make IFRS illegal in the EU, 153-170. Pacter, P. (2017). IASB Corner.The International Journal of Accounting,52(1), 77-91. Paul Pacter, C. P. A. (2013). IASB and FASB Convergence.Journal of Accountancy. Rivera, A. R. L., Arbelo, H. J. R., Ruiz, A. D. ., Rodrguez, J. L. V., Garca, W. C., Clemente, K. A. B., ... Aponte, A. N. R. (2014, January). IASB AND FASB CONVERGENCE PROJECT: WHERE ARE THEY NOW?. InGlobal Conference on Business Finance Proceedings(Vol. 9, No. 1, p. 665). Institute for Business Finance Research. Rosa, R. C. (2014).Has the fasb and iasb? s shift toward an asset/liability view enhanced the predictive usefulness of roe?(Doctoral dissertation, University of New Orleans). van Mourik, C., Katsuo, Y. (2014). The IASB and ASBJ conceptual frameworks: same objective, different financial performance concepts.Accounting Horizons,29(1), 199-216. Warren, C. M. (2016). The impact of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)/International Financial Reporting Standard 16 (IFRS 16).Property Management,34(3). Whittington, G. (2014). Fair value and the IASB/FASB conceptual framework project: an alternative view. InAccounting and Regulation(pp. 229-268). Springer New York.